Types of Budget

History of Indian figure Indias first Finance Minister Sir R. K. Shanmugham Chetty, presented the first Finance Budget of independent India on November 26, 1947. Since then, 28 antitheticUnionFinanceMinisters have been presenting the work out year after year. Initially, major oversight was paid towards the agriculture sector but as the economy evolved, the focus shifted from agriculture to other sectors equal industrial, financial etc. During the early the fifties, Indian cipher highlights revolved around the hu manhood beings sector and public finance and hence, back then taxation, inflation, public savings etc were much talked about topics.This trend continued manger the finance work out 1985-86. The transform in the approach began with Mr. Manmohan Singh who served as the Union Finance Minister to a lower place the leadership of Mr. P. V. Narsimha Rao. Mr. Singh was instrumental in headstarting the new phase of economic lib date of referencelization. He reduced the gi be of giving medication over public sector units through disinvestment. The liberalization process which he started years back is dumb espouseed and is seen in interim compute and Indian cypherannouncementsevery year.This year also live conjunction figure 2011 lead be announced by Pranab Mukherjee. Facts Bite * First Finance Minister Shanmugham Chetty * go of Finance Minister Since Independence 28 * Maximum Number of Budgets Presented by Morarji Desai * Economic Liberalization Started by Mr. Manmohan Singh ( Finance Minister 1991) * Current Finance Minister Mr. P. Chidambaram Explain the different types of figures in detail, with the help of laudable examples. In every business planning is the most of the essence(predicate) function to perform. Planning of different firms depends upon so many factors.Planning is done for comparing the actual performance with well-worn performance. Budgets are also disposed(p) in leaven. Budgets are prepared to check the availability o f finance according to the demand of project. So budgetary control is also essential tool of centering to control exist and maximizes profits. Meaning of budget A budget is a detail plan of operations for a specific period of age. In the present era everyone is with the term budget because it essential in life. A budget is prepared for the effective utilization of resources, which leave behind help in achieving the set objectives.Budgets are also very of the essence(p) in individual life, as it is important in business firms. The following are the essential of budget (a) It is prepared in advance and is based on future plan of action. (b) It relates to a future period and is based on objectives to be attained. (c) It is a statement expressed in monetary or physical unit prepared for the conceptuality of policy. Types of budgets. 1. Functional foot of budgets. a. Sales budget Sales budget is the primary budget. It is the most important budget to prepare and the other budgets a re prepared on the substructure of gross exchanges budget.In this budget the in consecrate or expert forecast the future expected gross revenue of the firm. The gross sales manager is responsible for the trueness of the budget. The sales budgets may prepare on basis of product, type of customers, salesman, locality etc. for the preparation of sales budget the following things should be take under attending like past sales, sales man estimates, plant capacity, crude real(a), orders in hand, seasonal fluctuations, competition etc. USES Sales budget is the most important budget while making the overall budget for the organization for a fiscal year.It is important in this sense that how would anybody make fiscal budget for organization if he dont know about how much to sale or what are the organizations sale would be. If you know the sales volume of units of product you unavoidableness to sale in a fiscal year then you allow for make payoff budget according to that sales nee d in mind you go out have yield information in mind you will purchase raw material, hire labour according to requirements. So if you dont know about how much you want to sale then how would you budget other things and how would you compare your performance at the end of fiscal year. . production budget afterward preparing sales budget the next budget will be production budget. In this budget works manager prepare schedule of production by breaking large production in small units to fulfill the target production. A properly operated budgets leads to inventory control, improved livelihood of production schedules and production targets. Suppose, if the estimated opening stock is 5000 units and estimated sales are 25000 units and closing stock of the product is 3000 units the estimated production will be 25000 + 3000 5000 =23000 units (sales + closing stock opening stock).USES A production budget is an accounting procedure utilise to both record and propose manufacturing supply e xpenses. Keeping an organized production budget ensures that the supply of raw materials to the production line continues uninterrupted and meets consumer demand. Maintaining a detailed post-purchasing production budget also helps to account for material losses due to shrinkage. b. Material budget In the production budget material is the first requirement to be considered. Materials are basically split up into two categories as direct and indirect material.It includes the preparation of estimates of different types of the raw material needed for various products and purchasing raw material in required tally at a required time. There are few factors which should be taken under care like requirement of raw material companys stocking policies, price trend, and cost of raw material. USES instrument showing how much material will be required for production and how much material essential be bought to meet this production requirement. The purchase depends on both expected usage of ma terials and inventory levels.For example, gull expected production of 790 units, 3 lbs. of material needed per unit, desired ending inventory of material 216 lbs. , starting signal inventory of material 237 lbs. , and unit cost per lb. of $2. Then lbs. of material to be purchased and purchase cost follow Labour budget labour is an important factor in every production organization. Labour plays an important role in converting raw material into finished product. The labour requirement budgets prepared on basis of production budget. Labour may be of two types direct and indirect labour.In this budget company has to budget the required number of hours and the expected pay scales of the employees. This budget gives information about personnel specifications for the job for which workers are to be recruited, the degree of skill and experience required and rates of pay. USES The direct labor budget is typically presented in either a monthly or quarterly format. The basic calculation used by the direct labor budget is to import the number of units of production from the production budget, and to compute this by the standard number of labor hours for each unit.This yields a subtotal of the direct labor hours needed to meet the production target. You cigarette also add more hours to account for production inefficiencies, which increases the amount of direct labor hours. Then multiply the total number of direct labor hours by the fullyburdeneddirect labor cost per hour, to arrive at the total cost of direct labor. e. Manufacturing Overhead budgets this budget gives the works overhead expenses to be incurred in a budget period to achieve the production target. The cost of indirect material, indirect labour etc can be calculated with the help of this budget.For making proper control it can be divided into departmental overhead budget. Variable expenses are estimated on the basis of the budgeted output because these expenses are bound to change with the change in output . USES The manufacturing overhead budget show the expected manufacturing over head costs for the budget period. The budget distinguishes between variable and fixed overhead costs. Companies fluctuate with production volume on the basis of the following rates per direct labor hour indirect materials $1. 00, indirect labor $1. 0, utilities $0. 40, and maintenance $0. 20. Thus, for 6,200 direct labor hours budgeted indirect materials are $6,200 (6,200 x $1), and budgeted indirect labor is $8,680 (6,200 x $1. 40). The company recognizes that some maintenance is fixed. The amounts reported for fixed cost are assumed. f. Administration Expenses budget The budget covers the expenses incurred in framing policies, directing the organization and controlling the business operations. In budget an estimate of expenses is prepared regarding central office and of focus salaries.The budget may be prepared at department level for effectiveness in budgeting system. The budget can be prepared with t he past experience and anticipated changes. USES The selling and administrative expense budget is comprised of the budgets of all non-manufacturing departments, such as the sales, marketing, accounting, engineering, and facilities departments. In aggregate, this budget can rival the size of theproduction budget, and so is worthy of considerable attention. The selling and administrative expense budget is typically presented in either a monthly or quarterly format.It may also be split up into segments for a severalize sales and marketing budget and a crumble administration budget. G. Selling and Distribution budgets This expense is think to the selling and distribution of material. In this budget experts have to plan for the expected selling and distribution expenses of the firm. veritable items of selling and distribution costs as cost of transportation, salesman salaries etc. USES The selling and administrative expense budget is comprised of the budgets of all non-manufacturing departments, such as the sales, marketing, accounting, engineering, and facilities departments.In aggregate, this budget can rival the size of theproduction budget, and so is worthy of considerable attention. The selling and administrative expense budget is typically presented in either a monthly or quarterly format. It may also be split up into segments for a separate sales and marketing budget and a separate administration budget. h. Cash budget this budget is prepared to send for the inflow and outflow of hard cash during the budget period. In cash receipt we consider cash sales, credit collection and other receipts in cash payments we consider cash payments, tax payable, dividend payable etc.Without cash organizations cannot work so prediction about cash is very important. A cash budget makes homework for a minimum cash balance which will be available at all times. USES After a company has prepared its operating budget, it will often draw up a separate cash budget as a means of tracking income and cash expenditures throughout the year. Such a budget has a number of practical uses, all of which center around being able to accurately predict when the company will be flush and when cash flow may be restricted. 2. On the basis of flexibility a.Fixed budget This is the rigid budget and it is drawn on the assumption that in that location will be no change in the budgeted time period. A fixed budget will be helpful only when actual level of occupation is equal to budgeted level of activities. According to charted institute of management accountants. A fixed budget is defined as a budget designed to remain unchanged irrespective of activity actually attained. b. Flexible budget It is also called as variable budget. A on the table budget gives different budgeted costs for different budgeted costs for different levels of activities.This budget is applicable in where activity levels vary from period to period. Where the business is new and it is difficult to predict. Where industry is influenced by change in fashion. Where there are changes in sales. 3. On the basis of period a. Long time budgets long-term budgets are prepared for those organizations, which deal in regular product line. Here organizations are not suppose to change their proceeding in short time periods. b. Short time budgets Short-term budgets are prepared for small time periods which work for seasonal product line. Here products may change in near future.