Harlem Renaissance Essay

I. IntroductionThe Atlantic slave trade driftd the large impetus of Africans across different branchs of the human being largely in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. This African Diaspora brought about eleven million of dusky people in the New World (P. Larson. Reconsidering Trauma, Identity, and the African Diaspora Enslavement and historical Memory in Nineteenth-Century Highland Madagascar). The descendants of those that were brought in the Americas, chiefly those in the United States working as slaves in the south, later experienced several(prenominal) some other diaspora moving from the south to the north to escape the unstatedships brought about by cold racial discrimination.A large portion had get backd in the metropolis of Harlem, New York City which opened up a surge of exquisite creative whole shebang done by discolors and became in vogue for some time. This period came to be know as the Harlem spiritual rebirth, overly variously known as the New Negro Moveme nt, or the New Negro renascence. This was a period of outstanding creativity expressed in visual arts, writings, and medicinal drug during this large relocation of downhearted population, wherein the African-American Diaspora has moved into larger cities. It changed the cause of black American artworks, from conventional imitations of white artists to sophisticated explorations and expressions of black carriage and culture that revealed and stimulated a in the raw confidence and racial pride.The movement centered in the vast black ghetto of Harlem, in New York City, indeed the name of the movement. Harlem became the place of gathering for aspiring black artists, writers, and musicians, sharing their experiences and providing rough-cut encouragement for one another.The term Harlem conversion is a misnomer. If measured by quantity alone, it was more a birth than a rebirth, for never forward had so many black Americans produced so much literary, fastidious, and scholarly ma terial at the same time. If measured by quality, however, it was actually a continuum, the quickening of a lively stream fed earlier by the important works of poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, novelist and short story writer Charles W. Chestnutt, poet and novelist Hames Weldon Johnson and the essays of Du Bois.The Harlem Renaissance created a significant break finished and through, wherein it marked the first time wherein literary and artistic works done by African Americans gained in national care and vex. Doors of opportunities were opened for such works to be publicized and presented to the general public, which before were not possible. Although its main(prenominal) achievement is launch primarily in literature, it also bore the great African-American works in politics and other creative mediums such as visual art, music, and theater that explored different aspects of black American life (R. Twombly. Harlem Renaissance).II. Background and DiscussionDuring the early part of the 1900 s, Black Nationalism and racial consciousness began to emerge particularly during the 1920s. mavin key factor that helped this development was the surfacing of the black middle class, which in turn were brought about by the increasing number of educated blacks who had found employment opportunities and a certain degree of economic advancement later on the American Civil War (Harlem Renaissance).During World War I, thousands of black people left the depressed rural South for jobs in northerly defense plants. Known as the Great Migration, more African Americans set up themselves in cities such as Harlem, in New York City. They were socially conscious, and became a center of political and cultural development of the black Americans. This population created racial tensions over housings and employment that resulted in increased black combativeness about rights, including vigorous agitation by the national Association for the advancement of colored People (NAACP) and other civil righ ts organizations. Foremost for this black movements agenda, which was expressed in various mediums, is to clamor for racial equality. Championing the cause were black intellectuals W.E.B. Du Bois and Alain Locke.White responses to these developments were both negative and positive. The Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist groups reached their lead of northerly popularity during the 1920s. At the same time unprecedented white interest in racial maters created a large audience for black authors who began to settle in the district of New York City known as Harlem. wish other black ghettoes, Harlem was a new, untapped source of themes and materials, which partially accounts for its popularity among artists and intellectuals, just unlike other ghettoes it was a newly constructed, fashionable, residential section. Functioning as a kind of black mecca, Harlems excellent housing, its prestige, excitement, and cosmopolitan flavor, attracted a black middle class from which sprang its a rtistic and literary set.A. General Characteristicsnot all works during this movement is militant in nature. However, participants and contributors in the Renaissance were intensely race-conscious, proud of their heritage of being black, and much in discern with their community. Most of them, some more subtly than others, criticized racial exploitation. Partly as a tribute to their achievements and partly as a reflection of their racial self-awareness, the Renaissance members were collectively called New Negroes, also indicating that they had replaced the (largely white created) literary doubling of the comic, pathetic plantation Negro with the proud, busy, in un release black man of the northern city.The New Negroes were generally integrationists, optimistically interpreting their own individual successes as harbingers of improvement in race relations. Acceptance from Harpers, Harcourt, Brace, Viking, Boni & Livewright, Knopf, and other front-line publishers began coming through quick succession, boosting more optimism among African-American contributors of the Harlem Renaissance.Rather than depicting a new movement of movement, the art during the Harlem Renaissance is united by their common aspiration of depicting and expressing in artistic form the African-American psyche and life. crude characteristics can be found among such works such as the birth of racial pride among black Americans.This called for tracing its roots and crease by taking attention and interest to the life of blacks primarily in Africa and South America. Also, such strong social and racial consciousness brought a strong desire for equality in the American society, both socially and politically. But one of the most common and significant characteristic of the Harlem Renaissance was the abundant production of a variety of creative expressions. Diversity was the main distinctive quality, brought about by an experimental spirit of the movement such as in music which ranged from blues, jazz, to orchestra music.B. Primary Artist of the Harlem Renaissance Aaron Douglas (1898-1979)The noteworthy artist of the Harlem Renaissance was Aaron Douglas, who chose to depict the New Negro Movement through African images which bore primitive techniques paintings in geometric shapes, flat, and rugged edges. In his works, Douglas wanted the viewers to know and recognize the African-American identity. As such, Aaron Douglas is oft referred to as the Father of African American Art.Born in Topeka, Kansas, Douglas was able to finish his B.A degree. Moving to Harlem in 1925, Aaron immediately set to work, creating illustrations for adult magazines of the Harlem Renaissance. Douglas was influenced in his modernist style under the tutelage of German artist Winold Reiss, a style which marked most of his celebrated works and incorporating both African and Egyptian strokes of illustration and design. It was Reis who encouraged Douglas to take African design into his works which became his trademark (The Harlem Renaissance Aaron Douglas).Such manner of African primitive style caught the attention of the main proponents of the Harlem Renaissance, namely W.E.B. Dubois and Alain Locke who found Douglas works as an fascinate embodiment of the African-American heritage. They were encouraging young artists to depict their African bequest through their artworks. Even though at a time when DuBois stilled considered heat content Tanner more important, Douglas has fairly established a reputation as the leading visual artist of his time.Harlem Renaissance painters are united by the desire to promote and portray the life and condition of blacks, particularly African-Americans. However, at this point the similarity ends. Harlem Renaissance artworks are as varied in style as the artists themselves. Although like Douglas, most painters of this period received evening gown trainings and as such, their style and strokes are no different from other non-black artists. What only separate the artists of the Harlem Renaissance from others are their themes and subjects.III. ConclusionA. Ending and SignificanceAs a conclusion, one of the strengths of the Harlem Renaissance was also a serious weakness. Because they were dependent on white patrons and viewers for popularity, black artists were not fully free to explore the mechanisms that perpetrated racial injustice, nor could they propose solutions unacceptable to whites. Furthermore, when the Great impression dominate American life during the 1930s, the whites, who had been the bulk of the Renaissance audience, concentrated on economics and politics, oblivious to black American suffering. American arts and letters took up new themes, and although the best artists continued to work, they ultimately lost popularity. The Great Depression drove many black artists to scatter and were mostly forced to confide New York or to take other jobs to tide them over the hard times. Creativity was drowned by necessity.Nev ertheless, despite its many weaknesses and disadvantages, the Harlem Renaissance was a milestone in black American culture and the basis for later achievements.